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1 νίτρον
-ου τό N 2 0-0-1-0-0=1 Jer 2,22Semit. loanword (Hebr. נתר); washing powder, mineral used for making soapCf. CAIRD 1976, 78; TOV 1979, 221 -
2 Μάγνης
Μάγνης, ητος, ὁ, Magnesian, i.e. a dweller in Magnesia in Thessaly, Il.2.756, S.El. 705, etc.; or in Magnesia in Lydia, Hdt.3.90, etc.: —fem. [full] Μάγνησσα Theoc.22.79:—hence [full] Μαγνησίη, ἡ, Magnesia in Asia, Hdt.3.122, al.; in Thessaly, Id.7.176, al.:—Adj. [full] Μαγνητικός, ή, όν, Magnesian, A.Pers. 492: fem. [full] Μαγνῆτις, ιδοςb a throw of the dice, Hsch.II Μαγνῆτις λίθος, ἡ, the magnet, E.Fr. 567, cf. Pl. Ion 533d, Eub.77, etc.: without λίθος, Sch.Pl.R. 600a; alsoἡ Μαγνησίη λίθος Hp.Int.21
, cf. Ach.Tat.1.17;ἡ Μάγνησσα Orph. L. 307
;ὁ Μάγνης λίθος Porph.Abst.4.20
; ὁ M. alone, Alex.Aphr. Pr.2.59; M.ὁ πνέων PMag.Par.1.2631
; alsoὁ Μαγνήτης λίθος Dsc. 5.130
, Phlp.in Ph.403.23;ἡ Μαγνῆτις πέτρα Dsc.5.126
.2 Μαγνῆτις λίθος, also, a mineral resembling silver, prob. a kind of talc, Thphr.Lap.41. -
3 μέταλλον
μέταλλον, τό,A mine, quarry, ἁλὸς μέταλλον salt- pit, salt- mine, Hdt.4.185;μ. τετμημένον Hyp.Eux.35
;μ. παλαιὸν ἀνασάξιμον IG 22.1582.56
: mostly in pl., χρύσεα καὶ ἀργύρεα μέταλλα gold and silver mines, Hdt.3.57; τὰ ἀργύρεια μ., at Laurium, Th.2.55; μέταλλα (alone) silver mines, X.Vect.4.4; μαρμάρου μ. marble quarries, Str.9.1.23.3 metaph., work,οὐδ' ἐν τοῖς ἀργυρείοις [ἐστί] μοι μ. Alciphr.1.36
.II later, mineral, metal, Sammelb.4313 (i/ii A. D.), Ruf. ap. Orib.5.3.21, Nonn.D.11.26, Agath.5.9, AP7.363. (On the etym. cf. μεταλλάω.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέταλλον
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4 Μήλιος
Μήλιος, α, ον, [dialect] Dor. [full] Μάλ- IG5(1).1B1 (Sparta, v B.C.), 12(3).1097, al. ([place name] Melos):—A from the island of Meios, Melian, Thgn.672, Th.3.91, etc.; λιμὸς M., prov. of famine, because of the extremities to which the island was reduced at its siege, Ar.Av. 186.II ἡ Μηλία, with or without γῆ, a greyish aluminous earth, which painters mixed with mineral colours, to give them consistency, Dsc.5.159 ( γῆ μηλίνη ( μιλ- codd.) in Gloss.); alsoAΜηλιάς Hp.Ulc.14
, Thphr.Lap. 62, Plu.2.436c: used as a styptic,στυπτηρίη Μηλίη Hp.Steril.225
: written - εία Id.Ulc.11,18; corrupted toμηδεία Orib.
inc.24.2. -
5 νιτρώδης
2 alkaline, of mineral springs, Gal.11.387.II epith. of Nymphs,Νύμφαις νιτρώδεσι IG14.892
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νιτρώδης
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6 πυρίτης
II π. λίθος, a mineral which strikes fire, copper pyrites, Dsc.5.125, Plin.HN36.138; other varieties of uncertain nature, ib. 137, PHolm.11.38, Zos.Alch.p.120B., al., Suid. s.v. ἄφαντον φῶς; of a zinc ore, Dsc.5.74.------------------------------------Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πυρίτης
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7 χαλκῖτις
A containing copper, λίθος χ. copper-ore, worked in Cyprus, Arist.HA 552b10; and in Euboea, Plu.2.434a.2 a mineral, rock-alum, Emp. ap. Gal.15.32 (sed v. foreg.), Dsc.5.99, POxy.1088.19 (i A. D.), Sor.2.41;χ. στυπτηρίη Hp.Ulc.14
; χ. κυανέη (of doubtful nature) ib.21.II = χρυσάνθεμον, Ps.-Dsc.4.58.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαλκῖτις
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8 ἀντισπόδιον
A substitute for [mineral] ashes, vegetable ashes, Orib.15.1.27(36), Gal.12.234:—also [full] ἀντίσποδον, Dsc.1.109, 5.75.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀντισπόδιον
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9 ἄσβεστος
A unquenchable, inextinguishable,φλόξ Il.
l. c.; not quenched,πῦρ ἄ. D.H.3.67
, Plu.Num.9;κλέος Od.4.584
;γέλως Il.1.599
;βοή 11.50
;ἐργμάτων ἀκτὶς καλῶν ἄ. αἰεί Pi.I.4(3).42
; ἄ. πόρος ὠκεανοῦ ocean's ceaseless flow, A.Pr. 532 (lyr.); πῦρ, of hell, Ev.Marc.9.43.II as Subst., ἄσβεστος (sc. τίτανος), ἡ, unslaked lime, Dsc.5.115, Plu.Sert.17, Eum.16;ἄ. κονία Lyc.
ap. Orib.8.25.16.2 a mineral or gem, Plin.HN37.146. [full] ἀσβεστώδης· tofus, Gloss.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄσβεστος
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10 ὕδωρ
A ; [dialect] Boeot. [full] οὕδωρ prob. in IG7.3169 (Orchom.):—water, of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of seawater without an epith.,ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. Od.3.300
, 7.277; butἁλμυρὸν ὕ. 9.227
, al., cf. Th.4.26; of rivers, ὕ. Αἰσήποιο, Στυγός, Il.2.825, 8.369, al.; so in Lyr. and Trag.,ὕ, Ἀσώπιον Pi.N. 3.3
;ὕ. τὸ Νείλου A.Supp. 561
(lyr.): freq. in pl. (but only once in Hom., ὕδατ'ἀενάοντα Od.13.109
), Καφίσια ὕδατα the waters of Cephisus, Pi.O.14.1;ῥυτῶν ὑδάτων S.OC 1599
;ὕδασιν τοίς Ἀχελῴου Id.Fr. 271
(anap.): spring-water, drinking-water,οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕ. Od.1.110
;ἀφυσσάμεθ' ὕδωρ 9.85
;ὕδατα καὶ.. δῖτοι Pl.R. 404a
;πότιμον ὕ. X.HG3.2.19
; ὕ. πίνων a water-drinker, D.6.30, cf. 19.46, Ar.Eq. 349;ὕ. δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν Cratin.199
, cf. Aristopho 10.3, Bato 2.9, al.: ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός water for washing the hands, v. χείρ; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ. Il.9.171;ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν 3.270
, Od.1.146, al.;λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ Il.23.282
:—on γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν and διδόναι, v. γῆ 1.2b:—a curse was invoked upon those who refused fire (i.e. the right to borrow burning embers) or water or to direct a traveller on his way, Diph.62, cf. X.Oec.2.15:—prov.,ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕ. γράφω S.Fr. 811
, cf. Men.Mon.25;ἐν ὕδατι γράφειν Pl.Phdr. 276c
; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν; if water chokes, what more can be done ? of a desperate case, Arist.EN 1146a35, cf. .2 rain-water, rain,ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕ. Ζεύς Il.16.385
;ὗσαι ὕδατι λαβροτάτῳ Hdt.1.87
;ἐγίνετο ὕ. ἄπλετον Id.8.12
;πολύ Th.6.70
, D.59.99;ὕ. ἐπιγενόμενον πολύ X.HG1.6.28
;τὸ ὕ. τὸ γενόμενον τῆς νυκτός Th.2.5
, cf. Hdt.8.13: more definitely,ὕδωρ ἐζ οὐρανοῦ X.An. 4.2.2
, Aristid.Or.50(26).35 (but ἐζ οὐρανοῦ is a gloss in Th.2.77): pl.,ὕ. ὄμβρια Pi.O.11(10).2
; τὰ Διὸς, orπαρὰ τοῦ Δ., ὕ. Pl.Lg. 761a
, 761b;τὸ ἐκ Διὸς ὕ. Thphr.HP2.6.5
; καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι, Ar.Nu. 1280, V. 261 (lyr.), cf. Thphr.Char.3.4: abs.,ἐὰν πλείω ποιῇ ὕ. Id.CP1.19.3
: κεραύνια ὕ. thunder-showers, Plu.2.664f;ὕ. πολλά, συνεχέα μαλθακῶς Hp.Epid.1.1
.4 in the law-courts, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock ([etym.] κλεψύδρ), and hence the time it took in running out,ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ D.44.45
;οὐχ ἱκανόν μοι τὸὕ. Id.45.47
; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕ., ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕ., in the time allowed me, Id.18.139, 57.61; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, Id.27.12;τὸ ὕ. ἀναλῶσαι Din.2.6
;πρὸς ὕ. σμικρὸν διδάζαι Pl.Tht. 201b
;ἐν μικρῷ μέρει τοῦ παντὸς ὕ. D.29.9
; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Id.45.8;ἐγχεῖται τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὕ. τῷ κατηγόρῳ.., τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ὕ. τῷ φεύγοντι Aeschin.3.197
; ἀποδιδόναι, παραδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ., to give him the turn of speaking, Id.1.162, Din.1.114.5 generally, liquid,ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· οἶνος, οὖρον, ὀρός Arist.Mete. 382b13
, cf. Hp.Cord.12.II part of the constellation Aquarius, Arat.399.2 a name for the winter solstice, Paul.Al.A.4.III Ὕδατα, τά, as the name of places with hot or mineral waters, Ὕ. Σέζτια, Lat. Aquae Sextiae, Ὕ. Νεαπολιτανά, etc., Ptol.Geog.2.10.8, 3.3.7, etc. [[pron. full] ῠ by nature,ὕ?ὕδωρXδωρ Il. 18.347
, al. (usu. with ὕ?ὕδωρX when not at end of line),ὕ?ὕδωρXδατος 16.229
, al.,ὕ?ὕδωρXδατι Od.12.363
, al.,ὕ?ὕδωρXδατ' 13.109
, and so always in [dialect] Att. (exc. sts. in dactylic verse, Ar.Ra. 1339); Hom. freq. has ὕ ¯ δωρ (always at end of line exc. in phraseΣτυγὸς ὕδωρ Il.15.37
), alsoὕ ¯ δατος Il. 21.300
, 312, Od.5.475,ὕ ¯ δατι Il.23.282
, Od.22.439; later [dialect] Ep. admits ὕ ¯ δωρ more freely, A.R.4.601, so that we find [pron. full] ῡ in the second half of the foot in h.Cer. 381, Batr.97, A.R.4.290, etc.; also in Alc.Supp.11.8.] (Cf. Skt. udán-, gen. udn-ás 'water', OE. woeter, O Norse vatn; I.-E. u(e)d- with suffix r alternating with n (ὕδ-ṇ- τος): cogn. with Skt. u-ná-t-ti (root ud-), [ per.] 3pl. u-n-d-ánti 'moisten', cf. Lat. unda.) -
11 ἄσβεστος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `unquenchable, unextinguishable' (Il.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Verbal adj. of σβέννυμι. As subst. either of unslaked lime ( τίτανος) or of an unknown combustible mineral. Never `asbest' (= ἀμίαντος). Diels KZ 47, 203ff.Page in Frisk: 1,160Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσβεστος
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12 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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13 μέταλλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `mine, quarry' (Hdt., Th., X., Att. inscr.), late also `mineral, metal' (Nonn., AP, backformation from μεταλλεύω).Derivatives: 1. μεταλλεῖα n. pl. `minerals, metals' (Pl. Lg. 678 d), substantiv. of *μεταλλεῖος `belonging to a mine'. 2. μεταλλικός `belonging to the mines' (D., Arist.). 3. μεταλλεύς m. `miner' (Lys., Pl. Lg., Att. inscr.; Boßhardt 60f.); from there, or from μέταλλον, 4. μεταλλεύω `be miner, work in the mines, dig up from quarries' (Pl., LXX, Arist.) with μεταλλ-εία (Pl., Str.), - ευσις (Ph. Bel.) `mining', - ευτής = μεταλλεύς (Str.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 63 f.), - ευτικός `belonging to mining' (Pl. Lg., Arist., pap.). 5. μεταλλίζομαι `be condemned to the mines' ( Cod. Just.). 6. μεταλλῖτις γῆ τις H. (Redard 108). -- On itself stands μεταλλάω `investigate, inquire, examine' (Il., late prose), cf. below.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical term for mining and as such suspect to be a loan. The attempt to explain μέταλλον from μεταλλάω as backformation (Eichhorn, De graecae linguae nominibus deriv. retrogr. conformatis. Diss. Göttingen 1912, S. 47 f.; rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 299, but accepted by id. Glotta 32, 1 n. 1), does not help, as for the verb no convincing etymology has been found; the explanation from μετ' ἄλλα, prop. "(inquire) after other (things)", e.g. Buttmann Lexilogus 1, 139 f. (with Eust.), Kretschmer l.c., is hardly convincing. Much more probable is, to see in the denominative μεταλλάω an orig. tecnical term, which was by ep. poets used in metaph. sense, but further came out of use. -- For foreign origin a. o. Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4: 2,525, Krahe Die Antike 15, 181, Kretschmer Glotta 31, 13; on Pre-Greek - αλλ- Beekes, FS Kortlandt. Vain IE a. Sem. interpretations in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] metallum `mining, metal', from where NHG Metall etc.; on further derivv. in western and eastern languages Maidhof Glotta 10, 14 f.Page in Frisk: 2,216-217Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέταλλον
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14 μόρρια
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: name of an oriental mineral, used for cups and vases; vases made of it, "murravases" (Paus.).Other forms: μούρρινα (Arr.); also μο(υ)ρρίνη f. sg. (Peripl. M. Rubr.)Derivatives: μούρρινα (Arr.); also μο(υ)ρρίνη f. sg. (Peripl. M. Rubr.)Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.Etymology: Prob. of Iran. origin, cf. NPers. mori, muri `glass-balls'; Lat. LW [loanword] murra, vāsa murrina (from where μούρρινα, - ίνη?). Details w. lit. in W.-Hofmann s. 2. murra; also Kretschmer Glotta 1, 337.Page in Frisk: 2,256Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μόρρια
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15 σάνδυξ 1
σάνδυξ 1, - υκοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: designation of a bright red colourant, a bright red mineral colour, a red transparent fabric etc. (Str. 11, 14, 9 [coni.], Dsc., Gal. a. o.); also a woman's cloth. Extens. on the meaning Flobert Rev. de phil. 90, 228 ff.Derivatives: σανδύκ-ιον n. meaning uncertain, - ινος `sandyx-coloured' (pap.); also σανδών, - όνος m. designation of a transparent fabric (Lyd. Mag.): after σιν-δών(?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S).Etymology: Formation as βόμβυξ a. o.; like the somehow related form from an unknown oriental(?) source (cf. OInd. sindūram `red-lead, cinnabar', Assyr. sâmtu, sându `red stone'?). Lat. LW [loanword] sandyx (Prop., Verg., Plin.). -- The formation points to a Pre-Greek word. (Cf. σάνδυξ 2.).Page in Frisk: 2,675-676Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάνδυξ 1
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16 χρυσόλιθος
χρυσόλιθος, ου, ὁ prob. a yellowish precious stone, yellow topaz, chrysolite (Diod S 2, 52, 3; PLond III, 928, 15 p. 191 [III A.D.]; Ex 28:20; 36:20; Ezk 28:13; Jos., Bell, 5, 234, Ant. 3, 168); the ancients (Pliny, NH 37, 42) applied the term to yellow quartz or yellow topaz; the greenish mineral associated with the loanword ‘chrysolite’ and known as ‘olivine’ suggests a more precise definition than the data warrant Rv 21:20.—Lit. s.v. ἀμέθυστος.—ISBE ’88, IV 628f. M-M. -
17 μετάλλευμα
1) mineral2) oreΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > μετάλλευμα
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